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1.
Span J Psychiatry Ment Health ; 16(4): 251-258, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34461255

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Few controlled trials have assessed the impact of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on symptoms and functioning in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MBCT adjunctive group treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized, prospective, multicenter, single-blinded trial that included BP-outpatients with subthreshold depressive symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to three arms: treatment as usual (TAU); TAU plus psychoeducation; and TAU plus MBCT. Primary outcome was change in Hamilton-D score; secondary endpoints were change in anxiety, hypo/mania symptoms and functional improvement. Patients were assessed at baseline (V1), 8 weeks (V2) and 6 months (V3). Main hypothesis was that adjunctive MBCT would improve depressive symptoms more than psychoeducation. RESULTS: Eighty-four participants were recruited (MBCT=40, Psychoeducation=34, TAU=10). Depressive symptoms improved in the three arms between V1 and V2 (p<0.0001), and between V1 and V3 (p<0.0001), and did not change between V2 and V3. At V3 no significant differences between groups were found. There were no significant differences in other measures either. CONCLUSIONS: In our BD population we did not find superiority of adjunctive MBCT over adjunctive Psychoeducation or TAU on subsyndromal depressive symptoms; neither on anxiety, hypo/mania, relapses, or functioning.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Atenção Plena , Humanos , Atenção Plena/métodos , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Mania , Estudos Prospectivos , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos
2.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 12(2): 92-105, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186909

RESUMO

Los antipsicóticos son un componente esencial del tratamiento de la esquizofrenia. Las formulaciones inyectables de liberación prolongada (ILP) surgen para mejorar la adherencia con el potencial asociado de reducir el riesgo de recaídas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el uso de antipsicóticos ILP en España -que es similar al de otros países europeos pero con un predominio de la utilización de ILP de segunda generación-, discutir las posibles causas de las diferencias de prescripción respecto a otros países de nuestro entorno (entre otras, aspectos organizativos, actitudes de psiquiatras, pacientes y familiares, guías de práctica clínica), y discutir su utilización en unidades de agudos, primeros episodios, y en niños y adolescentes. A nuestro juicio, aunque es necesario aumentar las pruebas existentes respecto a las ventajas de los antipsicóticos ILP y la diferenciación entre aquellos disponibles actualmente, su utilización seguirá probablemente creciendo impulsada por la experiencia clínica


Antipsychotics are an essential component in the treatment of schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable formulations (LAI) arose to improve adherence with the associated potential of reducing the risk of relapse. The objective of this article is to analyze the use of LAI antipsychotics in Spain, which is similar to other European countries but with a predominance of the use of second generation LAI, to discuss the possible causes of prescribing differences with respect to other countries (including organizational aspects, attitudes of psychiatrists, patients and family members, and clinical practice guidelines), and to discuss their use in acute psychiatric units, first episode, and in children and adolescents. In our view, while it is necessary to increase existing evidence regarding the advantages of LAI antipsychotics and the differentiation between LAI antipsychotics currently available, their use will likely continue to grow driven by clinical experience


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Preparações de Ação Retardada/administração & dosagem , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/tratamento farmacológico , Injeções/métodos , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
3.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 11(2): 66-75, abr.-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174306

RESUMO

Objetivo. Identificar, para el conjunto de la red asistencial en salud mental en España, un conjunto de indicadores para monitorizar la calidad asistencial en esquizofrenia, depresión mayor y trastorno bipolar. Material y método. Estudio basado en el consenso de especialistas en psiquiatría (6 en comité de dirección y un panel de 43 psiquiatras de la sanidad pública). Tras revisar la literatura se elaboró una propuesta inicial de 44 indicadores para depresión mayor, 42 para esquizofrenia y 58 para trastorno bipolar que, mediante estudio Delphi, fue analizada por los expertos. La valoración de estos indicadores en sucesivas rondas permitió descartar aquellos con menor grado de consenso. Se consideraron factibilidad, sensibilidad y relevancia clínica. El estudio fue realizado entre los meses de julio de 2015 y marzo de 2016. Resultados. Se definieron por consenso 70 indicadores: 17 indicadores específicos de depresión mayor, 16 de esquizofrenia, 17 de trastorno bipolar y 20 comunes a las tres patologías. Entre estos indicadores se incluyeron medidas relativas a adecuación de los ingresos, seguridad del paciente, reagudización, contención mecánica, conducta suicida, programas psicoeducativos, adherencia terapéutica, mortalidad y salud física. Conclusiones. Este conjunto de indicadores permite monitorizar la calidad en el tratamiento de pacientes con esquizofrenia, depresión o trastorno bipolar. Cada dispositivo asistencial puede, a partir de esta propuesta, elaborar un cuadro de mando integral ajustado a sus prioridades y objetivos asistenciales


Objective. To define a set of indicators for mental health care, monitoring quality assurance in schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorders in Spain. Material and method. Qualitative research. Consensus-based study involving 6 psychiatrists on the steering committee and a panel of 43 psychiatrists working in several health services in Spain. An initial proposal of 44 indicators for depression, 42 for schizophrenia and 58 for bipolar disorder was elaborated after reviewing the literature. This proposal was analysed by experts using the Delphi technique. The valuation of these indicators in successive rounds allowed those with less degree of consensus to be discarded. Feasibility, sensitivity and clinical relevance were considered. The study was carried out between July 2015 and March 2016. Results. Seventy indicators were defined by consensus: 17 for major depression, 16 for schizophrenia, 17 for bipolar disorder and 20 common to all three pathologies. These indicators included measures related to adequacy, patient safety, exacerbation, mechanical restraint, suicidal behaviour, psychoeducation, adherence, mortality and physical health. Conclusions. This set of indicators allows quality monitoring in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, depression or bipolar disorder. Mental health care authorities and professionals can use this proposal for developing a balanced scorecard adjusted to their priorities and welfare objectives


Assuntos
Humanos , Consenso , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde/métodos , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Saúde Mental , Técnica Delfos , Segurança do Paciente
4.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 22(supl.1): 26-31, abr. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139947

RESUMO

El tratamiento del paciente con trastorno bipolar requiere su continuación más allá de las fases agudas, para prevenir la aparición de nuevos episodios. El objetivo de esta revisión no sistemática es analizar el papel de los antipsicóticos en el largo plazo en esta enfermedad. Se han revisado las guías de práctica clínica basadas en la evidencia publicadas entre los años 2009 y 2014. En la mayoría de las guías de práctica clínica revisadas se recomiendan varios de los antipsicóticos atípicos (aripiprazol, olanzapina, quetiapina, risperidona de acción prolongada, ziprasidona), en monoterapia o en combinación con estabilizador, como tratamientos de primera línea en el tratamiento a largo plazo. La mayor parte de estos fármacos tiene la indicación de prevención de nuevos episodios maníacos, y solo quetiapina está recomendada también para la prevención de episodios depresivos. Es adecuado considerar el tratamiento con antipsicóticos en el largo plazo del paciente con trastorno bipolar, si bien hay que tener siempre en cuenta el cociente riesgo/beneficio de estos tratamientos, dadas las limitaciones de los estudios disponibles hasta el momento y los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos en el largo plazo (AU)


Therapy of the patient suffering bipolar disorder requires continuation beyond the acute phases to prevent new episodes. The objective of this non-systematic review is to analyze the role of antipsychotic drugs in long-term therapy of bipolar disorder. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) published between 2009 and 2014 have been reviewed. Several atypical antipsychotic drugs (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, long-acting risperidone, and ziprasidone) are recommended, as monotherapy or combined with a mood-stabilizing drug, as first line long-term treatment in several CPG. Most drugs have an indication for prevention of manic episodes, and only quetiapine is recommended to prevent depressive episodes as well. Considering long-term treatment of bipolar disorder with antipsychotic drugs is adequate, but risk/benefit ratio of these drugs has to be kept in mind, given the limitations of available studies and the possible side effects of prolonged treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Tempo , Recidiva , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso
5.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 22(supl.1): 32-34, abr. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139948

RESUMO

Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente con trastorno bipolar tipo I, que sufre un nuevo episodio maníaco en relación con el abandono voluntario de la medicación. Durante su hospitalización se le pauta un tratamiento con carbonato de litio, fármaco de primera opción en todas las guías de práctica clínica actuales y considerado patrón de referencia para el tratamiento de esta patología. Además se añade olanzapina, también de primera opción. Sin embargo, con este tratamiento la paciente no se encuentra cómoda y sufre una serie de efectos secundarios adversos. Solicita volver a su tratamiento previo, que le había resultado eficaz durante varios años. Las cuestiones que se plantean son: cómo adecuar las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica a las peculiaridades y necesidades de cada paciente; la valoración del riesgo frente al beneficio en la toma de decisiones y la multimorbilidad en el trastorno bipolar y cómo esta condiciona los tratamientos (AU)


We present the case of a bipolar disorder type I patient who suffers a manic episode after voluntary withdrawal of medication. During her hospital stay, lithium carbonate, recommended as first choice in all clinical practice guidelines, and considered a standard in the treatment of this disease, was prescribed. Olanzapine, also a first choice, was added. However, the patient was not at ease with this treatment, suffered several adverse effects, and asked for its previous therapy, which had worked for several years. The questions raised are the following ones: How conform the clinical practice guidelines recommendations to the particulars and needs of individual patients; risk-benefit assessment in decision-making and the wide comorbidity in bipolar disorder, and its impact on therapy (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Comorbidade , Tomada de Decisões , Participação do Paciente , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Adesão à Medicação
6.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 7(4): 179-185, oct.-dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129523

RESUMO

Las clasificaciones DSM-5 y CIE-11, esta última en elaboración, pretenden armonizar los diagnósticos de los trastornos mentales. En este artículo hacemos una revisión crítica de los puntos que pueden aproximar y aquellos que pueden dificultar la convergencia de los trastornos bipolares, así como de aquellas condiciones clínicas single bondincluidas dentro de los trastornos depresivossingle bond con especial relevancia para los trastornos bipolares (p. ej., episodio depresivo mayor). Las principales novedades agregadas comprenden la incorporación de parámetros dimensionales para la evaluación de los síntomas, la posibilidad de diagnosticar cuadros subumbrales del espectro bipolar, la consideración de nuevos especificadores de curso como los síntomas mixtos, la desaparición del diagnóstico de episodio mixto, y el aumento del umbral para el diagnóstico de hipo/manía. Las convergencias destacables son la inclusión del trastorno bipolar ii en la CIE-11 y la exigencia adicional, además de la euforia o la irritabilidad, de un aumento de la energía o de la actividad para el diagnóstico de hipo/manía en ambas clasificaciones. El mantenimiento del diagnóstico de trastorno mixto ansioso-depresivo, del duelo como criterio de exclusión de depresión mayor, o el diagnóstico de episodio mixto en el trastorno bipolar, son algunas de las principales divergencias en la versión beta de la CIE-11 respecto al ya editado DSM-5. Conclusión. Dado que el DSM-5 ya ha sido publicado, serán necesarios cambios en el borrador de la CIE-11 o modificaciones del DSM-5.1 para armonizar los diagnósticos psiquiátricos (AU)


The DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications, the latter still under development, are aimed at harmonizing the diagnoses of mental disorders. A critical review is presented of the issues that can converge or separate both classifications regarding bipolar disorders, and those conditions - included in depressive disorders - with special relevance for bipolar (e.g. major depressive episode). The main novelties include the incorporation of dimensional parameters to assess the symptoms, as well as the sub-threshold states in the bipolar spectrum, the consideration of new course specifiers such as the mixed symptoms, the elimination of mixed episodes, and a more restrictive threshold for the diagnosis of hypo/mania. The most noticeable points of convergence are the inclusion of bipolar ii disorder in ICD-11 and the additional requirement of an increase in activity, besides mood elation or irritability, for the diagnosis of hypo/mania in both classifications. The main differences are, most likely keeping the mixed depression and anxiety disorder diagnostic category, maintaining bereavement as exclusion criterion for the depressive episode, and maintaining the mixed episode diagnosis in bipolar disorder in the forthcoming ICD-11. Conclusion. Since DSM-5 has already been published, changes in the draft of ICD-11, or ongoing changes in DSM-5.1 will be necessary to improve the harmonization of psychiatric diagnoses (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/patologia , Psiquiatria/legislação & jurisprudência , Transtornos Mentais/classificação , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico
7.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 5(3): 183-190, jul.-sept. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100560

RESUMO

Discapacidad en pacientes bipolares ancianos en tratamiento ambulatorio. Variables asociadas(AU)


Introduction. Studies on adult bipolar patients have demonstrated a disability associated with the bipolar disorder, even in euthymic patients, but there is a lack of data in the elderly population. Material and method. A cross-sectional, multicentre study on a consecutive sample of ambulatory bipolar patients (DSM-IV-TR criteria), aged 65 years or over. Retrospective and cross-sectional sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, as well as the Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Modified scale (CGI-BP-M) and the level of disability using the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO/DAS). The disability was assessed globally and by areas. The presence of a moderate to maximum disability compared to a mild to no disability was considered a dependent variable. Results. A moderate to maximum global disability was present in 43.6% of the sample. By areas, occupational functioning was the area most frequently affected, and personal care the least affected. The only variables which were associated with disability were the presence of medical comorbidity (P = .01), increased age (P = .005) global clinical severity (P = .0001) and in the depressive pole (P = .03). There was no relationship between clinical subtype, duration of the disease, number of previous episodes, number of hospitalisations, or other clinical variables and the degree of disability. Conclusions. These data underline the need to establish specific therapeutic strategies in the approach to depressive symptoms and medical comorbidity, with the aim of minimising the disability in elderly bipolar patients. Given the lack of current data, new studies are needed with larger samples and control groups(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental/psicologia , Assistência Ambulatorial/métodos , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Assistência Ambulatorial , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , 28599 , Transtorno Bipolar/prevenção & controle , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia
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